E-Mobility
Smart Solutions for the Connected World
Innovative solutions are becoming more available to allow electric mobility to enter the mass-market. An important part of this is the charging technology. The term smart charging is used for charging systems of electric or hybrid vehicles according to ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121, SAE J2847/2. Vector supports developers of on-board charging ECUs in the vehicle, charging stations and induction charging systems with extensive test systems and bespoke ECU software.
Types of Charging
The charging infrastructure essentially offers three types of charging:
- Alternating current (AC)
- Direct current (DC)
- Inductive charging
The battery in the vehicle is always charged with direct current (DC). This means that the charging systems (charging infrastructure and vehicle electronics) need to be set up differently. An AC/DC converter is needed in the vehicle for AC and inductive charging. In the case of DC charging, this converter is already installed in the charging station, i.e. the charging station is essentially directly connected to the battery. That is why in DC charging the vehicle must always communicate its momentary charging power requirements to the charging station. This means that it is absolutely essential for DC charging systems to be equipped with a communications unit between the vehicle and the charging station. The physical communication medium and details on the message sequence are defined in these national and international standards: ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121, SAE J2847/2, GB/T 27930 and CHAdeMO.
ISO 15118
ISO 15118 is the only standard to describe the option of an automatic payment process with authentication based on certificates and TLS security. In the standard, this mechanism is referred to as Plug’n Charge (PnC).
In principle, inductive charging systems work with alternating current. It is not possible to simply limit the power on the vehicle side, so communication is also necessary – in this case between the vehicle (secondary side) and the floor plate (primary side). This communication is currently also specified in ISO 15118.
Smart Charging
The term smart charging is used for charging systems of electric or hybrid vehicles according to ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121, SAE J2847/2. The communication between vehicle and charging station is realized in two ways:
- As powerline communication via the control pilot pin in the form of a PWM signal and a digital signal for HomePlug-GreenPhy standard.
- Wireless in case of inductive charging.
Vector Solutions for Smart Charging
Vector supports developers of on-board charging ECUs in the vehicle, charging stations and induction charging systems with extensive test systems and bespoke ECU software. This helps you to develop your software quickly and cost effectively.
Testing of ECUs
Using the Vector test solution for smart charging, you can test on-board charging ECUs without having to operate a real charge spot. Within the test, the behavior of the charge spot is simulated within a wide range and can be varied.
Through system-wide uniform time stamps, the test system is able to set the charging communication, bus communication and I/O events in a precise temporal relation. You would like to test on-board charging ECUs quickly and easily?
Vector provides the following products for testing the typical tasks:
vTESTstudio is an authoring tool for test design and offers:
- Test programming (CAPL, C#)
- Spreadsheet-based test design
- Graphic test design
- Definition of parameters and waveforms for any signals, value settings or similar objects
CANoe .Ethernet is the ideal development and test tool for the development of ECUs and charge spots for smart charging:
- Test creation and execution
- Simulation of state machine and environment with help of a SCC DLL (intelligent charging per ISO 15118)
- Wide-ranging analysis, measurement and logging functions
- Supports remaining bus simulation
- Controlling further system components, e.g. power supply
For testing the charging communication, the VT System offers e.g.
- access to the Control Pilot Signal (input and output) and Proximity Pilot Signal
- simulation of additional sensors and actuators of the ECU
- driving external measuring equipment (power supply, electronic loads)
Testing of Charge Spots
Using the Vector test solution for smart charging, you can test charge spots without having to run a real on-board charging ECU. Within the test, the behavior of the ECU is simulated within a wide range and can be varied.
For the testing of charging stations and simplifying the test assembling, you can get the following products from Vector:
vTESTstudio is an authoring tool for test design and offers:
- Test programming (CAPL, C#)
- Spreadsheet-based test design
- Graphic test design
- Definition of parameters and waveforms for any signals, value settings or similar objects
CANoe.Ethernet is the ideal development and test tool for the development of ECUs and charge spots for smart charging:
- Test creation and execution
- Simulation of state machine and environment with help of a SCC DLL (intelligent charging per ISO 15118)
- Wide-ranging analysis, measurement and logging functions
- Supports remaining bus simulation
- Controlling further system components, e.g. electric loads
For testing the charging communication, the VT System offers e.g.
- access to the Control Pilot Signal (input and output) and Proximity Pilot Signal
- simulation of additional sensors and actuators of the ECU
- driving external measuring equipment (power supply, electronic loads)
ECU Software
For the rapid development of on-board charging ECUs, Vector offers the software stack MICROSAR.CHARGE. The stack already contains the entire protocol stream of smart charging according to ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121 and SAE J2847/2. Controlling the Powerline transceiver is included, too.
MICROSAR.CHARGE also supports the standards GB/T 27930 and CHAdeMO for China and Japan. These specify the DC charging and are based on communication via CAN.
Vector offers MICROSAR.CHARGE, which are embedded software modules that cover the vehicle-side communication sequence for Smart Charging.
The MICROSAR.CHARGE basic software fits seamlessly into existing AUTOSAR architectures and is being used in series production at a number of OEMs. It can also be used with existing OEM-specific software architectures.
Ethernet-based communication is supported according to ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121 and SAE J2847/2. This so called Combined Charging System (CCS) is common in North America and Europe. For all vehicle manufacturers, AC and DC charging is supported with the profiles EIM (External Identification Means) and PnC (Plug' n Charge) including SLAC (Signal Level Attenuation Characterization). In addition, Value Added Services (VAS) can be connected via HTTP and DNS, for example, or OEM-specific functions can be implemented. This could be, for example, a parallel, proprietary communication between the vehicle and the charging station in order to exchange additional information.
In addition to the CCS-related standards, Vector also supports the GB/T 27930 and CHAdeMO standards for China and Japan. These specify the DC charging and are based on communication via CAN. AC charging is controlled exclusively by a PWM signal.
ECU Hardware
The VC-VCCU is an ECU specially developed for communications in electrically-powered commercial vehicles. The ECU handles standardized communication, e.g. between electric buses or urban trucks and the charging infrastructure.
Charge Spot Software
For the rapid development of charging stations, Vector offers the software stack vEVSE. The stack already contains the entire protocol stream of smart charging according to ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121 and SAE J2847/2.
With vEVSE, Vector provides embedded software modules for the charging station which covers the communication process according to ISO 15118, DIN SPEC 70121, SAE 2847/2.
For all charging station manufacturers, AC and DC charging is supported with the EIM (External Identification Means) and PnC (Plug ‘n Charge) profiles including SLAC (Signal Level Attenuation Characterization).
The software fits seamlessly into existing LINUX systems.
For further Information about the charging station software, please get in contact with Vector.
Downloads
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2019-11-18 Technical ArticleCharging Communication in Chinese
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2019-10-28 Product DescriptionFact Sheet CANoe/CANalyzer 12.0
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2019-07-25 Product DescriptionMICROSAR Product Information English
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2019-05-22 Technical ArticleVector Interview "We Play by Automotive Rules"
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2019-05-17 Product DescriptionFeature Matrix CANoe/CANalyzer
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2019-03-18 Case StudyVector Controller VC-VCCU - CCS Interface for Automotive Charging Systems - Case Study Ebusco
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2018-11-30 Product DescriptionVC Family
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2018-08-23 Technical ArticleReport on Vector E-Mobility Day - From Inductive Charging to Electric Motors
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2018-08-10 Technical ArticleTechnical Papers on the Development of Embedded Electronics
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2017-11-29 Technical ArticleCommercial Vehicles and Electromobility - Charging Ahead